• UNIT-I 

Software Engineering:                 -Definitionand paradigms      -A generic view of software engineering
   .
 Unit-1 MCQ's

UNIT-II 

Requirements Analysis:              -Statement of system scope          - Isolation of top level processes and entitles and their allocation to physical elements
 -Refinement and review
Unit-2 MCQ's

UNIT-III 

Designing Software Solutions: 

--Refining the software Specification                                --Application of fundamental design concept for data           --Architectural and procedural designs using software blue print methodology and object oriented design paradigm         --Creating design document                               

Unit-3 MCQ's

UNIT-IV 

Software Implementation:  

--Relationship between design and implementation                   --Implementation issues and programming support environment                              --Coding the procedural design   --Good coding style 

Unit-4 MCQ's

UNIT-V                 

Software Maintenance:

-Maintenance as part of software evaluation

-Reasons for maintenance

-Types of maintenance (Perceptive, adoptive, corrective), 

-Designing for maintainability

-Techniques for maintenance

Unit-5 MCQ's

UNIT-VI 

-Comprehensive examples using available software platforms/case tools 

-Configuration Management    

Unit-6 MCQ's

Software Engineering Unit-III MCQ

Part -1 

1-10: Basics of Software Specification Refinement

1. What is the purpose of refining a software specification?
   a) To add unnecessary complexity
   b) To improve clarity and remove ambiguities
   c) To eliminate system documentation
   d) To increase the development time
   Answer: b) To improve clarity and remove ambiguities

2. Which of the following is a key aspect of software specification refinement?
   a) Code compilation
   b) Requirement validation and detailing
   c) Removing all use cases
   d) Ignoring stakeholder feedback
   Answer: b) Requirement validation and detailing

3. Which phase of software development benefits the most from refined software specifications?
   a) Testing phase
   b) Deployment phase
   c) Design phase
   d) Maintenance phase
   Answer: c) Design phase

4. What is an essential characteristic of a well-refined software specification?
   a) It contains vague requirements
   b) It is unstructured
   c) It is clear, concise, and testable
   d) It excludes user input
   Answer: c) It is clear, concise, and testable

5. What is a primary input for refining software specifications?
   a) User feedback and business needs
   b) Source code
   c) Network configurations
   d) Hardware components
   Answer: a) User feedback and business needs

6. What type of software model helps refine specifications?
   a) Prototyping
   b) Waterfall Model
   c) Spiral Model
   d) Agile Development
   Answer: a) Prototyping

7. Which of the following is NOT an effective way to refine software specifications?
   a) Reviewing requirements with stakeholders
   b) Conducting feasibility studies
   c) Skipping documentation updates
   d) Developing prototypes
   Answer: c) Skipping documentation updates

8. Which document is most affected by specification refinement?
   a) Software Requirements Specification (SRS)
   b) Source Code Repository
   c) Network Configuration Manual
   d) Marketing Strategy Plan
   Answer: a) Software Requirements Specification (SRS)

9. Which method is commonly used to identify inconsistencies in software specifications?
   a) Requirement Traceability Matrix
   b) Unit Testing
   c) Code Debugging
   d) Database Normalization
   Answer: a) Requirement Traceability Matrix

10. What is a key benefit of refining software specifications?
    a) Reducing misunderstandings between stakeholders
    b) Increasing project complexity
    c) Removing the need for testing
    d) Eliminating requirement gathering
    Answer: a) Reducing misunderstandings between stakeholders

---

11-20: Techniques and Best Practices in Specification Refinement

11. Which technique is used to refine unclear software requirements?
    a) User Story Mapping
    b) Performance Testing
    c) Debugging
    d) Data Encryption
    Answer: a) User Story Mapping

12. Which model helps in refining specifications through iterative feedback?
    a) Agile Model
    b) Big Bang Model
    c) Waterfall Model
    d) V-Model
    Answer: a) Agile Model

13. Which approach helps in refining non-functional requirements?
    a) Performance Benchmarking
    b) Object-Oriented Analysis
    c) Syntax Checking
    d) Code Refactoring
    Answer: a) Performance Benchmarking

14. What is the purpose of requirement prioritization in specification refinement?
    a) To focus on high-impact features first
    b) To eliminate security constraints
    c) To delay requirement gathering
    d) To increase documentation load
    Answer: a) To focus on high-impact features first

15. Which review method helps refine software specifications before implementation?
    a) Requirements Walkthrough
    b) Regression Testing
    c) Memory Profiling
    d) Load Balancing
    Answer: a) Requirements Walkthrough

16. Which of the following is a key output of software specification refinement?
    a) A well-defined Software Requirements Specification (SRS)
    b) A completed source code file
    c) A final marketing report
    d) A detailed system error log
    Answer: a) A well-defined Software Requirements Specification (SRS)

17. What is the best method for refining complex software requirements?
    a) Decomposing them into smaller, manageable units
    b) Ignoring the complexity
    c) Increasing the number of vague requirements
    d) Removing all constraints
    Answer: a) Decomposing them into smaller, manageable units

18. Which tool is used to refine software requirements through collaboration?
    a) JIRA
    b) Task Manager
    c) Antivirus Software
    d) Network Analyzer
    Answer: a) JIRA

19. Which of the following contributes to refining software specifications?
    a) Clear acceptance criteria
    b) Delayed stakeholder involvement
    c) Skipping requirement verification
    d) Ignoring system constraints
    Answer: a) Clear acceptance criteria

20. Which aspect of software development is improved by well-refined specifications?
    a) Software maintainability and scalability
    b) Increased system downtime
    c) Higher storage requirements
    d) Poor test case design
    Answer: a) Software maintainability and scalability

---

21-30: Challenges and Solutions in Software Specification Refinement

21. Which challenge is commonly faced in software specification refinement?
    a) Changing business requirements
    b) Code compilation errors
    c) Network speed issues
    d) Database backup failures
    Answer: a) Changing business requirements

22. How can software specification refinement reduce project risks?
    a) By identifying gaps early in the development lifecycle
    b) By increasing the project scope
    c) By eliminating user feedback
    d) By ignoring functional requirements
    Answer: a) By identifying gaps early in the development lifecycle

23. What is the impact of unrefined software specifications on development?
    a) Increased rework and cost
    b) Faster delivery
    c) Reduced need for testing
    d) Enhanced system security
    Answer: a) Increased rework and cost

24. Which of the following is a common mistake in software specification refinement?
    a) Not involving end-users in the process
    b) Conducting multiple review cycles
    c) Using prototyping for unclear requirements
    d) Prioritizing functional and non-functional requirements
    Answer: a) Not involving end-users in the process

25. What is a consequence of poorly refined software specifications?
    a) Increased defects and development time
    b) Enhanced software security
    c) Improved system reliability
    d) Efficient project budgeting
    Answer: a) Increased defects and development time

26. Why is stakeholder feedback important in refining software specifications?
    a) It ensures alignment with business needs
    b) It slows down the development process
    c) It increases project cost
    d) It reduces testing requirements
    Answer: a) It ensures alignment with business needs

27. Which tool helps in tracking changes to software specifications?
    a) Version Control System (e.g., Git)
    b) CPU Monitor
    c) Virus Scanner
    d) Command Prompt
    Answer: a) Version Control System (e.g., Git)

28. What is the first step in refining a software specification?
    a) Identifying ambiguous and incomplete requirements
    b) Writing the final source code
    c) Skipping stakeholder meetings
    d) Removing all constraints
    Answer: a) Identifying ambiguous and incomplete requirements

29. What is a refinement technique used in Agile methodology?
    a) Backlog Grooming
    b) Memory Leak Detection
    c) Code Compilation
    d) Network Optimization
    Answer: a) Backlog Grooming

30. Refining software specifications helps improve which phase of SDLC the most?
    a) Design
    b) Coding
    c) Testing
    d) Deployment
    Answer: a) Design

Part -2

1-10: Fundamentals of Data Design in Software Engineering

1. Which of the following is a fundamental concept in data design?
   a) Data abstraction
   b) User interface design
   c) Algorithm complexity
   d) Marketing strategy
   Answer: a) Data abstraction

2. What is the purpose of data modeling in software engineering?
   a) To create UI designs
   b) To organize and structure data efficiently
   c) To increase system complexity
   d) To write test cases
   Answer: b) To organize and structure data efficiently

3. Which type of data model represents data in the form of tables?
   a) Object-oriented model
   b) Relational model
   c) Hierarchical model
   d) Network model
   Answer: b) Relational model

4. What is an entity in data design?
   a) A function in a program
   b) A physical or conceptual object represented in a database
   c) A programming variable
   d) A type of UI component
   Answer: b) A physical or conceptual object represented in a database

5. Which normal form removes partial dependency in a relational database?
   a) First Normal Form (1NF)
   b) Second Normal Form (2NF)
   c) Third Normal Form (3NF)
   d) Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
   Answer: b) Second Normal Form (2NF)

6. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of normalization in databases?
   a) Reducing redundancy
   b) Improving data integrity
   c) Increasing data inconsistency
   d) Avoiding data anomalies
   Answer: c) Increasing data inconsistency

7. Which key uniquely identifies a record in a database table?
   a) Primary key
   b) Foreign key
   c) Composite key
   d) Candidate key
   Answer: a) Primary key

8. What is the role of a foreign key in relational databases?
   a) Uniquely identifies a record in a table
   b) Creates redundancy in the database
   c) Establishes a relationship between tables
   d) Stores encrypted data
   Answer: c) Establishes a relationship between tables

9. What is data redundancy in database design?
   a) Storing duplicate data unnecessarily
   b) Ensuring unique data storage
   c) Using complex queries
   d) Reducing database size
   Answer: a) Storing duplicate data unnecessarily

10. Which database property ensures that only valid data is stored?
    a) Data redundancy
    b) Data integrity
    c) Data inconsistency
    d) Data replication
    Answer: b) Data integrity

---

11-20: Software Engineering Principles in Data Design

11. Which software engineering principle is applied in database normalization?
    a) Abstraction
    b) Encapsulation
    c) Modularity
    d) Reducing redundancy
    Answer: d) Reducing redundancy

12. Which of the following is a major factor in designing data structures for software applications?
    a) Data security
    b) Code readability
    c) UI aesthetics
    d) Testing strategies
    Answer: a) Data security

13. Which of the following is an example of an aggregate function in databases?
    a) SELECT
    b) COUNT
    c) INSERT
    d) DELETE
    Answer: b) COUNT

14. In software engineering, what does CRUD stand for in data operations?
    a) Create, Read, Update, Delete
    b) Compile, Run, Upload, Debug
    c) Configure, Retrieve, Use, Deploy
    d) Code, Refactor, Update, Design
    Answer: a) Create, Read, Update, Delete

15. Which term refers to a high-level representation of database structure?
    a) Algorithm
    b) Schema
    c) Interface
    d) Protocol
    Answer: b) Schema

16. Which type of relationship exists in an ER model when one entity is related to many others?
    a) One-to-One
    b) One-to-Many
    c) Many-to-Many
    d) Recursive
    Answer: b) One-to-Many

17. Which technique is used to improve database performance?
    a) Indexing
    b) Normalization
    c) Data abstraction
    d) Query optimization
    Answer: a) Indexing

18. Which data structure is best suited for implementing a hierarchical database model?
    a) Array
    b) Stack
    c) Tree
    d) Queue
    Answer: c) Tree

19. What is the primary role of an index in a database?
    a) To store data permanently
    b) To improve query performance
    c) To ensure data security
    d) To normalize tables
    Answer: b) To improve query performance

20. Which of the following is NOT a fundamental data design concept?
    a) Data abstraction
    b) Data redundancy
    c) Data inconsistency
    d) Data modeling
    Answer: c) Data inconsistency

---

21-30: Advanced Topics in Data Design for Software Engineering

21. What is denormalization in database design?
    a) Applying extra normalization rules
    b) Reducing joins by merging tables
    c) Removing constraints on data integrity
    d) Increasing redundancy for no reason
    Answer: b) Reducing joins by merging tables

22. Which data structure is commonly used for implementing a database index?
    a) Linked list
    b) Binary search tree
    c) Hash table
    d) B-tree
    Answer: d) B-tree

23. Which term describes ensuring data accuracy and consistency across different database tables?
    a) Data redundancy
    b) Data integrity
    c) Data compression
    d) Data corruption
    Answer: b) Data integrity

24. What is an advantage of using a NoSQL database over a relational database?
    a) Fixed schema
    b) Better performance for unstructured data
    c) More complicated queries
    d) Less scalability
    Answer: b) Better performance for unstructured data

25. What is the main disadvantage of database denormalization?
    a) Increased data redundancy
    b) Better query performance
    c) Simpler database design
    d) Reduced storage requirements
    Answer: a) Increased data redundancy

26. Which process ensures that database changes are recorded securely?
    a) Data modeling
    b) Transaction logging
    c) Query optimization
    d) Indexing
    Answer: b) Transaction logging

27. Which of the following best describes a distributed database?
    a) A database that stores redundant data
    b) A database stored on multiple physical locations
    c) A database limited to one physical server
    d) A database optimized for small applications
    Answer: b) A database stored on multiple physical locations

28. Which of the following is an advantage of using stored procedures?
    a) Slower execution speed
    b) Improved security and performance
    c) Increased data redundancy
    d) Harder debugging process
    Answer: b) Improved security and performance

29. Which term describes the process of dividing large databases into smaller, manageable parts?
    a) Normalization
    b) Sharding
    c) Clustering
    d) Indexing
    Answer: b) Sharding

30. What is a data warehouse used for?
    a) Real-time transaction processing
    b) Storing large volumes of historical data for analysis
    c) Managing simple databases
    d) Executing high-speed transactions
    Answer: b) Storing large volumes of historical data for analysis

Part -3

Which of the following best describes software architecture?

a) The detailed design of individual modules

b) The high-level structure of a software system, defining its components and their interactions

c) The process of coding and debugging

d) The user interface design of a software application

Answer: b

In software design, what does the term "modularity" refer to?

a) The degree to which a system's components may be separated and recombined

b) The use of modules to increase code redundancy

c) The process of integrating all components into a single unit

d) The application of modular arithmetic in algorithms

Answer: a

Which design principle emphasizes that a class should have only one reason to change?

a) Open/Closed Principle

b) Liskov Substitution Principle

c) Single Responsibility Principle

d) Dependency Inversion Principle

Answer: c

What is the primary goal of procedural design in software engineering?

a) To define the high-level structure of the system

b) To detail the sequence of operations in a module or function

c) To establish the physical deployment of software components

d) To create user interface layouts

Answer: b

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a well-designed module?

a) High cohesion

b) Low coupling

c) High complexity

d) Clear responsibility

Answer: c

In object-oriented design, what does encapsulation refer to?

a) The inheritance of properties from parent classes

b) The bundling of data and methods that operate on that data into a single unit

c) The ability of different classes to be treated as instances of the same class through a common interface

d) The process of designing the user interface

Answer: b

Which UML diagram is primarily used to represent the static structure of a system?

a) Sequence diagram

b) Activity diagram

c) Class diagram

d) State diagram

Answer: c

What is the purpose of a sequence diagram in UML?

a) To model the dynamic behavior of a single object

b) To show the interaction between objects over time

c) To represent the physical deployment of artifacts

d) To define the internal structure of a class

Answer: b

Which of the following is an advantage of using design patterns in software development?

a) They provide ready-to-use code snippets for all programming problems

b) They offer standardized solutions to common design problems

c) They eliminate the need for testing and debugging

d) They enforce a strict coding style across all projects

Answer: b

In the context of software architecture, what is a "layered architecture" style?

a) An architecture where components are organized into horizontal layers, each with specific responsibilities

b) An architecture that uses multiple databases for data storage

c) An architecture that integrates third-party services at various levels

d) An architecture that focuses on real-time data processing

Answer: a

Which design pattern provides an interface for creating families of related or dependent objects without specifying their concrete classes?

a) Singleton

b) Factory Method

c) Abstract Factory

d) Builder

Answer: c

In object-oriented design, what is polymorphism?

a) The ability of different classes to be treated as instances of the same class through a common interface

b) The process of hiding the internal implementation details of a class

c) The mechanism by which one class acquires the properties of another class

d) The organization of classes into a hierarchy

Answer: a

Which design pattern ensures that a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it?

a) Prototype

b) Singleton

c) Observer

d) Mediator

Answer: b

What is the primary purpose of the Adapter design pattern?

a) To allow an object to alter its behavior when its internal state changes

b) To provide a surrogate or placeholder for another object

c) To convert the interface of a class into another interface that clients expect

d) To define a family of algorithms and make them interchangeable

Answer: c

In the context of object-oriented design, what does the term "inheritance" refer to?

a) The ability of a class to derive properties and behaviors from another class

b) The process of hiding the implementation details of a class

c) The ability to define multiple methods with the same name but different implementations

d) The act of creating a new instance of a class

Answer: a

Which design pattern is used to define a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified and updated automatically?

a) Strategy

b) Observer

c) Command

d) Memento

Answer: b

What is the main advantage of using the Builder design pattern?

a) It allows for the creation of complex objects step by step

b) It ensures that a class has only one instance

c) It provides a way to access the elements of an aggregate object sequentially

d) It defines a family of algorithms and makes them interchangeable

Answer: a

Which of the following is NOT a common software architecture pattern?

a) Model-View-Controller (MVC)

b) Microservices

c) Singleton

d) Layered Architecture

Answer: c

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Factory design pattern?

a) To create objects without specifying their concrete classes

b) To allow objects to communicate without knowing each other's structure

c) To enforce a single instance of a class

d) To provide a simplified interface to a larger body of code

Answer: a

What is the main goal of software blueprint methodology?

a) To provide a clear and structured approach to software design

b) To focus only on coding practices

c) To eliminate the need for documentation

d) To reduce user involvement in software design

Answer: a

In object-oriented design, which principle states that subclasses should be substitutable for their base classes?

a) Open/Closed Principle

b) Liskov Substitution Principle

c) Interface Segregation Principle

d) Single Responsibility Principle

Answer: b

Which of the following design patterns is used to provide a simplified interface to a complex subsystem?

a) Facade

b) Adapter

c) Bridge

d) Mediator

Answer: a

What is the main goal of software blueprint methodology?
a) To provide a clear and structured approach to software design
b) To focus only on coding practices
c) To eliminate the need for documentation
d) To reduce user involvement in software design
Answer: a) To provide a clear and structured approach to software design

In object-oriented design, which principle states that subclasses should be substitutable for their base classes?

a) Open/Closed Principle
b) Liskov Substitution Principle
c) Interface Segregation Principle
d) Single Responsibility Principle
Answer: b) Liskov Substitution Principle

Which of the following design patterns is used to provide a simplified interface to a complex subsystem?
a) Facade
b) Adapter
c) Bridge
d) Mediator
Answer: a) Facade

Which design pattern allows an object to behave differently based on its internal state?
a) State Pattern
b) Observer Pattern
c) Singleton Pattern
d) Factory Pattern
Answer: a) State Pattern

What is the primary benefit of using microservices architecture?
a) It reduces application security
b) It allows independent development and deployment of small services
c) It enforces strict centralized control
d) It increases monolithic system complexity
Answer: b) It allows independent development and deployment of small services

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of object-oriented design?
a) Code reuse through inheritance
b) High coupling between components
c) Encapsulation for better data security
d) Improved maintainability and flexibility
Answer: b) High coupling between components

Which pattern is used to encapsulate a request as an object, allowing parameterization of clients with different requests?
a) Strategy Pattern
b) Command Pattern
c) Chain of Responsibility Pattern
d) Observer Pattern
Answer: b) Command Pattern

Which software architectural style organizes services into independently deployable units communicating via APIs?
a) Monolithic Architecture
b) Microservices Architecture
c) Client-Server Architecture
d) Layered Architecture
Answer: b) Microservices Architecture

Part -4 

Creating a Design Document - MCQs

1. What is the main objective of a software design document?
   a) To guide developers in implementing the system
   b) To define business objectives
   c) To replace coding and testing phases
   d) To serve as a marketing strategy document
   ✅ Answer: a) To guide developers in implementing the system

2. Which of the following is a key component of a high-level design document?
   a) Detailed function implementations
   b) Code snippets
   c) System architecture and module interactions
   d) Deployment logs
   ✅ Answer: c) System architecture and module interactions

3. Which document is typically created before the design document?
   a) Software Requirements Specification (SRS)
   b) Test Plan Document
   c) User Manual
   d) System Deployment Document
   ✅ Answer: a) Software Requirements Specification (SRS)

4. What is the main focus of low-level design documentation?
   a) User interface design
   b) System-level architecture
   c) Module-level logic, data structures, and function details
   d) Business model development
   ✅ Answer: c) Module-level logic, data structures, and function details

5. In which phase of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the design document created?
   a) Requirement Analysis
   b) Design
   c) Testing
   d) Deployment
   ✅ Answer: b) Design

6. Which of the following best describes modularity in a design document?
   a) Integrating all components into a single unit
   b) Breaking down the system into independent, interchangeable modules
   c) Using external dependencies to reduce coding efforts
   d) Rewriting code for every new functionality
   ✅ Answer: b) Breaking down the system into independent, interchangeable modules

7. What role does a class diagram play in a design document?
   a) It defines the system’s network topology
   b) It visually represents object relationships in object-oriented design
   c) It maps database schemas
   d) It outlines project schedules
   ✅ Answer: b) It visually represents object relationships in object-oriented design

8. What is the primary benefit of including a sequence diagram in a design document?
   a) It defines database normalization
   b) It provides step-by-step interaction between system components
   c) It specifies the software licensing terms
   d) It replaces unit testing
   ✅ Answer: b) It provides step-by-step interaction between system components

9. Which of the following is NOT a common component of a design document?
   a) System architecture
   b) Deployment strategies
   c) Marketing strategies
   d) Data flow diagrams
   ✅ Answer: c) Marketing strategies

10. What is the main purpose of a Data Flow Diagram (DFD) in a design document?
    a) To track project budget allocation
    b) To represent how data moves through the system
    c) To display graphical UI elements
    d) To define the software licensing model
    ✅ Answer: b) To represent how data moves through the system

11. Which principle ensures that a software module should have only one reason to change?
    a) Open/Closed Principle
    b) Single Responsibility Principle
    c) Dependency Inversion Principle
    d) Liskov Substitution Principle
    ✅ Answer: b) Single Responsibility Principle

12. Which design pattern is most suitable for providing a simplified interface to a complex subsystem?
    a) Adapter
    b) Facade
    c) Observer
    d) Prototype
    ✅ Answer: b) Facade

13. In object-oriented design, which term refers to hiding implementation details while exposing only necessary functionality?
    a) Polymorphism
    b) Encapsulation
    c) Inheritance
    d) Coupling
    ✅ Answer: b) Encapsulation

14. Why is traceability important in design documentation?
    a) It helps in linking requirements, design, and implementation
    b) It eliminates the need for project management
    c) It ensures real-time system performance
    d) It avoids code refactoring
    ✅ Answer: a) It helps in linking requirements, design, and implementation

15. Which of the following is a major goal of software architectural design?
    a) Ensuring source code is kept confidential
    b) Defining system components and their interactions
    c) Writing extensive unit test cases
    d) Optimizing network performance
    ✅ Answer: b) Defining system components and their interactions

16. Which diagram is used to represent physical deployment of software components?
    a) Sequence Diagram
    b) Deployment Diagram
    c) Data Flow Diagram
    d) Class Diagram
    ✅ Answer: b) Deployment Diagram

17. What does the term "scalability" refer to in a design document?
    a) The ability to handle increasing workload efficiently
    b) The ease of debugging the code
    c) The level of user satisfaction
    d) The total number of developers working on a project
    ✅ Answer: a) The ability to handle increasing workload efficiently

18. Which document provides a detailed explanation of database tables and relationships?
    a) System Design Document
    b) Entity-Relationship (ER) Diagram
    c) User Manual
    d) Test Plan Document
    ✅ Answer: b) Entity-Relationship (ER) Diagram

19. Which of the following is a disadvantage of not having a proper design document?
    a) Reduced need for documentation
    b) Increased risk of software failure and maintainability issues
    c) Faster coding due to less planning
    d) Higher marketing efficiency
    ✅ Answer: b) Increased risk of software failure and maintainability issues

20. Why is a design review conducted before software implementation?
    a) To ensure the design aligns with project requirements and standards
    b) To eliminate the need for documentation updates
    c) To allow developers to skip the coding phase
    d) To finalize the marketing strategy
    ✅ Answer: a) To ensure the design aligns with project requirements and standards

Next TopicUnit-I MCQ, Unit-II MCQ, Unit-III MCQ, Unit-IV MCQ,

                                Unit-V MCQ, Unit-VI MCQ

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